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1996-03-11
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@BRIGITTE BARDOT makes her film debut in
Crazy For Love
JOHN F KENNEDY becomes a member of the US Senate
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER leads a revolt against King
Farouk
RICHARD NIXON becomes the youngest ever
vice-president
MALCOLM X joins the League of Islam
CHARLES CHAPLIN is investigated as a suspected
"subversive" by the FBI. He returns to London for the
first time in 23 years
ALAN TURING publishes the first part of his study
into morphogenesis
YASSER ARAFAT is elected president of the League
of Palestinian Students
LE CORBUSIER completes the Unite d'Habitation
JEAN PIAGET becomes professor of developmental
psychology at the Sorbonne
CHARLIE PARKER records Bird At St Nick's
@BENAZIR BHUTTO is born
MARLON BRANDO wins an Oscar nomination for The
Wild One
BERTOLT BRECHT condemns the repression of the
workers' uprising in East Berlin
FRANCIS CRICK and JAMES WATSON suggest that the
DNA molecule comprises two spiral strands, the
so-called 'double-helix'
EDMUND HILLARY conquers Mount Everest
EDWIN HUBBLE dies
RUPERT MURDOCH returns to Australia from Oxford
and takes over the family business
CLARENCE SAUNDERS dies
JOSEPH STALIN dies
CHAD VARAH sets up the first Samaritan helpline
JOSIP BROZ TITO is the first Communist head of
state to visit Britain
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV emerges as the key figure in
the Soviet government
CHARLES CHAPLIN gives up his re-entry permit to
America after being accused of communist
activities
ERNEST HEMINGWAY wins a Pulitzer Prize for The
Old Man and the Sea and for Picnic
FIDEL CASTRO leads a rebel attack on army barracks
and is imprisoned. He is later amnestied
ROGER BANNISTER'S team set a mile relay record of
16 minutes 41 seconds
JOHN F KENNEDY marries Jacqueline Bouvier
DAVID BEN GURION resigns as Israeli prime minister
WINSTON CHURCHILL is awarded a Nobel Prize for
literature for his historical works
CHRISTIAAN BARNARD is appointed head surgeon at
Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town
MILTON FRIEDMAN publishes his Essays in Positive
Economics, containing his ideas on the policies of
money and stabilization
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN is released from labour
camp
@ROGER BANNISTER runs a mile in 3 minutes 59.4
seconds, breaking the four-minute mile
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR writes The Mandarins
COCO CHANEL returns to Paris from Switzerland and
re-opens her workrooms
BILLY GRAHAM holds Britain's largest ever religious
meeting
ERNEST HEMINGWAY is awarded the Nobel Prize for
literature
HO CHI MINH drives the French from Vietnam
BILLIE HOLIDAY is banned from performing in
America and leaves for Britain
ALDOUS HUXLEY publishes The Doors of Perception
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER assumes power in Egypt
J ROBERT OPPENHEIMER opposes the hydrogen bomb
and is investigated as a security risk
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE supports liberation for France's
colonies
GIDEON SUNDBACK dies
ALAN TURING commits suicide by eating a poison
apple
OPRAH WINFREY is born
MARILYN MONROE marries ex-baseballer Joe
DiMaggio
ELVIS PRESLEY records his first single, That's All
Right Mama
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER sees British troops withdraw
from the Suez Canal
ROGER BANNISTER wins a gold medal at the European
Games for 1500 metres
HO CHI MINH returns to Hanoi after eight years in
hiding
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON becomes the first Western
photographer since the second world war to take
pictures inside the Soviet Union
ALFRED HITCHCOCK makes Rear Window
HENRI MATISSE dies
LE CORBUSIER constructs the Chapel of Notre Dame
du Haut
JAMES GRAY is awarded a knighthood
RUPERT MURDOCH takes control of a South
Australian publishing company, News Limited
@HUBERT CECIL BOOTH dies
WALT DISNEY releases The Lady and the Tramp
ALBERT EINSTEIN dies
FRANCISCO FRANCO'S Spain becomes a member of
the United Nations
BILL GATES is born
STEVEN JOBS is born
ROSA PARKS refuses to give up her seat on the bus,
and sparks the bus boycotts
MARTIN LUTHER KING organises bus boycotts as part
of his peaceful protest against segregation
OLGA KORBUT is born
RUDOLF NUREYEV wins a scholarship to the Kirov
Ballet
CHARLIE "BIRD" PARKER dies
PABLO PICASSO sees a film produced about himself
- Le Mystere Picasso
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS writes Cat On A Hot Tin Roof
WINSTON CHURCHILL resigns as prime minister
JOSEPH STALIN'S conquest of Eastern Europe is
finalised by the signing of the Warsaw Treaty
MARILYN MONROE stars in The Seven Year Itch
DAVID BEN GURION forms a government
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON publishes People of
Moscow and The Europeans
AKITO MORITA'S Sony company produce the first
transistor radio
JEAN PIAGET is director of the International Centre
for Genetic Epistemology
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN secretly begins work on
his novel, The First Circle
RACHEL CARSON publishes The Edge of the Sea
WALT DISNEY opens Disneyland in California
@W H AUDEN is elected professor of poetry at Oxford
University
BRIGITTE BARDOT becomes a new style starlet in
And God Created Woman
DAVID BEN GURION witnesses Israeli troops occupy
the Sinai desert
CLARENCE BIRDSEYE dies
FIDEL CASTRO lands in Cuba from New Mexico and
organises attacks on rural police stations
BILLIE HOLIDAY begins dictating her autobiography
MAO ZE DONG announces a policy of open debate
within the party with the slogan 'Let a thousand
flowers bloom'
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER nationalises the Suez Canal
and Egypt is attacked by Britain, France and Israel
MARTINA NAVRATILOVA is born
MARTIN LUTHER KING is indicted for hindering
Montgomery's bus operations
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV denounces Stalin in a secret
speech at the 20th party congress
MARILYN MONROE marries Arthur Miller
HENRY MOORE starts to work on Falling Warrior
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE publishes Being and Nothingness
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT designs the Guggenheim
Museum in New York City
DENG XIAOPING is appointed general secretary of the
Chinese communist party
IGOR STRAVINSKY writes Canticum Sacrum
BERTOLT BRECHT dies
LE CORBUSIER designs a new capital for the Punjab,
Chandigarh
BORIS PASTERNAK completes Dr Zhivago
RICHARD NIXON is re-elected as vice-president
@LASZLO BIRO'S company is taken over by Bic
WILLY BRANDT is elected mayor of West Berlin
FRANCISCO FRANCO announces that the monarchy
will be restored on his death
FRANK McNAMARA dies
BORIS PASTERNAK gives permission for Dr Zhivago
to be published abroad
MAO ZE DONG'S commitment to increased freedom
and internal reform continues to flourish
MARILYN MONROE stars with Laurence Olivier in The
Prince And The Showgirl
NELSON MANDELA sees South Africa's racial laws
tighten their grip
DAVID BEN GURION and several ministers are hurt
when a grenade is thrown into the Knesset.
@EDMUND HILLARY makes an expedition overland to the
South Pole
MICHAEL JACKSON is born
ELVIS PRESLEY stars in Love Me Tender, his first
film
BERTRAND RUSSELL asks theBritish government to
abandon all nuclear weapons
CHARLES DE GAULLE accepts the post of premier of
France
MARTIN LUTHER KING is stabbed by a woman in
Harlem
BORIS PASTERNAK wins the Nobel Prize for
literature but renounces it after pressure from the
Soviet authorities
WERNHER VON BRAUN helps put the first American
satellite into orbit
ALFRED HITCHCOCK directs Vertigo
NOAM CHOMSKY publishes Syntactic Structures
AKITO MORITA'S Tokyo Telecommunications Company
is renamed Sony
@FIDEL CASTRO defeats the Batista regime and
becomes prime minister of Cuba
BILLY HOLIDAY dies
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT dies
MADONNA is born
MARGARET THATCHER is elected a member of
parliament
INDIRA GANDHI becomes leader of the Congress party
PABLO PICASSO sells a painting for $154, 000, a
world record for a living artist
NELSON MANDELA sees white South African liberals
set up the anti-Apartheid Progressive Party
CHARLES DE GAULLE offers the people of Algeria the
right to choose their own political future
DAVID BEN GURION'S labour party wins the general
election
ALFRED HITCHCOCK makes North By Northwest
HO CHI MINH resigns as secretary general of the
Vietnamese communist party
MARILYN MONROE stars in Some Like It Hot
@MUHAMMAD ALI wins the light-heavyweight title at the
Rome Olympics
HAILE SELASSIE faces an attempted coup
ALFRED HITCHCOCK releases Psycho
JOHN F KENNEDY becomes president of the United
States
BORIS PASTERNAK dies
GREGORY PINCUS sees the Pill become publicly
available in the US
BERTRAND RUSSELL leaves CND
FIDEL CASTRO jails 104 government opponents after
the biggest mass trial since he came to power
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE publishes his last philosophical
work, Critique de la raison dialectique
RICHARD NIXON narrowly loses in presidential
elections to John F Kennedy
ANDY WARHOL creates his Campbell's Tomato Rice
Soup screen print
@FIDEL CASTRO resists the CIA-sponsored invasion
of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. He abolishes elections
and declares Cuba a socialist nation
JOHN F KENNEDY vows to put a man on the moon
before the decade is over
WILLY BRANDT sees the Berlin Wall divide his city
LUIS BUNUEL is invited home from Mexico by the
Spanish government to make Viridiana
MARLON BRANDO appears in Mutiny on the Bounty
RAYMOND LOEWY'S Avanti car goes into production
MALCOLM X forms the Organisation of Afro-American
Unity
ROSSER REEVES writes Reality in Advertising
CARL JUNG dies
YURI GAGARIN becomes the first man to leave the
confines of the Earth
EDMUND HILLARY travels to the Himalayas in search
of the yeti
ERNEST HEMINGWAY commits suicide
RUDOLF NUREYEV defects to the West
GREGORY PINCUS sees the contraceptive pill go on
sale in Britain
LOUIS LEAKEY realises Nutcracker Man is not the
oldest descendent of man when he discovers bones
dating back almost a million years ago
PABLO PICASSO marries Jacqueline Roque
CHARLES DE GAULLE orders a blockade of Algeria
BERTRAND RUSSELL is jailed for inciting a breach of
the peace at a ban-the-bomb demonstration
JOSEPH STALIN'S body is removed at night from the
Mausoleum in Red Square as part of the USSR's de-Stalinisation campaign. The city of Stalingrad is
re-named Volgograd
JOSEPH ENGELBERGER invents the industrial robot
EDWARD LORENZ, while working on his Weather
Machine, notices that small changes in an initial
state of affairs can produce wild and unpredictable
fluctuations
@BOB DYLAN signs with CBS records and releases
Blowin' in the Wind
MARILYN MONROE dies of a drugs overdose
NELSON MANDELA is arrested and charged with
inciting strikes
HELEN GURLEY BROWN publishes Sex and the Single
Girl
AHMED ZAKI YAMANI becomes oil minister of Saudi
Arabia
RACHEL CARSON writes The Silent Spring
FRANCIS CRICK AND JAMES WATSON win the Nobel
Prize for physiology
MARTHA GRAHAM'S company performs Clytemnestra
for the first time
RUDOLF NUREYEV dances with Margot Fonteyn at
Covent Garden
FIDEL CASTRO is excommunicated by the Pope for
anti-clerical activities
CHARLES CHAPLIN is awarded an honorary doctorate
of letters from Oxford University
MARTIN LUTHER KING is sent to jail for organising an
illegal march in Georgia
CHARLES DE GAULLE signs a declaration freeing
Algeria from 132 years of French rule
RICHARD NIXON launches a campaign to be Governor
of California
RONALD REAGAN joins the Republican party
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV tries to smuggle nuclear
missiles into Cuba, provoking the missile crisis
JOHN F KENNEDY takes the world to the brink of
nuclear war as he face down the Soviet Union over
Cuba
@BOB DYLAN releases Freewheelin' Bob Dylan
THE BEATLES dominate the British music charts
throughout the year
MALCOLM X visits Mecca
RAY KROC introduces Ronald McDonald to a hungry
public
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN publishes One Day In The
Life Of Ivan Denisovich
ISAAC SHOENBERG dies
THE ROLLING STONES are formed
MARTIN LUTHER KING tells the largest demonstration
ever assembled about his dream of equality and
integration
WINSTON CHURCHILL is awarded honorary American
citizenship
JOHN F KENNEDY visits Berlin and announces "Ich bin
ein Berliner". In November he is assassinated in
Dallas
MICHAEL JORDAN is born
BETTY FRIEDAN writes The Feminine Mystique
ALDOUS HUXLEY dies
NINETTE DE VALOIS steps down as director of the
Royal Ballet
J ROBERT OPPENHEIMER is awarded the Enrico Fermi
Prize by President Johnson
CHARLES DE GAULLE opposes Britain's entry into the
EEC
WILLY BRANDT is re-elected mayor of West Berlin
THE BEATLES make their television debut
AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI is arrested for his public
denunciation of the Shah's westernization of Iranian
society
DAVID BEN GURION resigns as Israel's prime
minister
NELSON MANDELA is put on trial for treason
MILTON FRIEDMAN co-writes the Monetary History of
the United States
MALCOLM X is expelled from America for suggesting
the need for an inter-racial civil war
HENRY MOORE begins work on Reclining Figures
ANDY WARHOL begins making films
RUPERT MURDOCH'S company News Limited buys a 28
per cent share in a Hong Kong publishing company,
Asia Magazines Limited
@YASSER ARAFAT founds the Palestine Liberation
Organisation
BILL BERNBACH works on the Lyndon B Johnson
presidential campaign
THE ROLLING STONES tour America and Australia.
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV is ousted by Leonid Brezhnev and
other Kremlin leaders
MARTIN LUTHER KING signs The Civil Rights Bill and is
awarded the Nobel Peace prize
BETTY FRIEDAN witnesses the Civil Rights Bill which
makes it illegal in the US to discriminate on grounds
of sex or colour
THE BEATLES top the American charts with I Want To
Hold Your Hand
MUHAMMAD ALI becomes heavyweight champion of the
world
NELSON MANDELA is sentenced to life imprisonment
for treason
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE turns down the Nobel Prize for
literature
BOB DYLAN releases The Times They are a-Changin'
RUPERT MURDOCH launches The Australian, Australia's
first and only national daily newspaper
@WINSTON CHURCHILL dies
LE CORBUSIER dies
MALCOLM X is assassinated
HELEN GURLEY BROWN becomes editor-in-chief of
Cosmopolitan
HO CHI MINH sees the first US combat troops arrive in
Vietnam
MARTIN LUTHER KING is jailed for protesting without a
permit over votes for black Americans
DAVID BEN GURION is expelled from the Mapai party
BERTRAND RUSSELL tears up his labour party card in
protest against Britain's support for America in
Vietnam
THE BEATLES receive MBEs, Member of the British
Empire
CHARLES DE GAULLE is re-elected president of France
BOB DYLAN releases Mr Tambourine Man
THE ROLLING STONES release I Can't Get No
Satisfaction
@WALT DISNEY dies
BOB DYLAN releases Blonde on Blonde
LEONID BREZHNEV becomes general secretary of the
communist party of the Soviet Union
MAO ZE DONG launches the cultural revolution
RONALD REAGAN becomes governor of California
PELE becomes a professional football player
MARGARET SANGER dies
INDIRA GANDHI becomes prime minister of India
BETTY FRIEDAN co-founds the National Organization
for Women
BARBARA WARD publishes Spaceship Earth
IGOR STRAVINSKY writes Requiem Canticles
NOAM CHOMSKY publishes Cartesian Linguistics
@CHARLES DARROW dies
MUHAMMAD ALI refuses the draft
LUIS BUNUEL releases Belle de Jour
THE BEATLES' manager Brian Epstein dies
CLARENCE BIRDSEYE'S alter-ego Captain Birdseye is
invented
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER closes the gulf of Aqaba to
Israeli shipping
THE ROLLING STONES' Mick Jagger and Keith Richards
are given jail sentences for drug offences
CHRISTIAAN BARNARD performs the first heart
transplant
GREGORY PINCUS dies
CHARLES DE GAULLE supports Quebec's fight for
independence and vetoes British entry into the EEC
MARLON BRANDO is directed by Charles Chaplin in A
Countess from Hong Kong
DAVID BEN GURION sees Israel defeat an Arab coalition
in The Six Day War
J ROBERT OPPENHEIMER dies
@CHESTER CARLSON dies
RICHARD NIXON becomes president of the United
States
BENJAMIN SPOCK is convicted of helping men to avoid
the draft
MARTIN LUTHER KING is assassinated
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE becomes godfather of the
revolution during the student riots in Paris
CHARLES DE GAULLE wins landslide majority in
elections
THE BEATLES' John Lennon is arrested on drugs charges
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN is expelled from the
writers' union after the publication of The First
Circle and Cancer Ward abroad
JOHN HEARTFIELD dies
JAMES GRAY writes Animal Location
@BOB DYLAN appears at the Isle of Wight festival
NEIL ARMSTRONG stands on the moon's surface and
watches the Earth rise
RUPERT MURDOCH acquires The News of the World and
The Sun
THE ROLLING STONES guitarist Brian Jones dies
WALTER GROPIUS dies
HO CHI MINH dies
WERNHER VON BRAUN builds the Saturn V rocket
COCO CHANEL inspires a musical, Coco, which opens on
Broadway
PATRICK STEPTOE announces that test-tube babies
will soon be a reality
YASSER ARAFAT is the new leader of the PLO
CHARLES DE GAULLE resigns as president of France
KATHARINE HEPBURN wins her third Oscar
WILLY BRANDT is elected chancellor of Germany
FRANCISCO FRANCO nominates Prince Juan Carlos as
his successor
MILTON FRIEDMAN writes The Optimum Quantity of
Money
@MILES DAVIS sells more than a million copies of
Bitches Brew
CHARLES DE GAULLE dies
WILLY BRANDT holds a summit with the East German
prime minister, Willi Stoph
JAMAL ABDUL NASSER dies
ULRIKE MEINHOF leads a raid on a Berlin jail to free
fellow terrorists
PELE leads his team to victory in the soccer World Cup
BERTRAND RUSSELL dies
TED HOFF'S employer Intel, pay $60,000 to buy back
the rights to the microchip
GERMAINE GREER publishes The Female Eunuch
LECH WALESA emerges as a union leader in the Polish
underground
MARGARET THATCHER is appointed minister of
education
MARTHA GRAHAM announces her retirement
RICHARD NIXON sends American troops into Cambodia
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN is put under pressure to
refuse Nobel Prize for literature
THE BEATLES decide to go their separate ways
@MUHAMMAD ALI is knocked down by Joe Frazier
MARLON BRANDO returns to the screen in The
Godfather
RAYMOND LOEWY designs the Shell logo
STEVEN SPIELBERG directs Duel
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV dies
MICHAEL JACKSON begins a solo career
INDIRA GANDHI'S Congress Party is re-elected in the
general elections. India declares a state of emergency
after Pakistan goes to war
IGOR STRAVINSKY dies
COCO CHANEL dies
WALT DISNEY'S empire sees the opening of a second
theme-park in Florida
@CHARLES CHAPLIN receives an Oscar for his
contribution to the film industry
NOLAN BUSHNELL'S Atari hits the games scene
ULRIKE MEINHOF is captured in Hanover
RICHARD NIXON aides are caught breaking into the
Democratic Party headquarters at the Watergate
building. He is elected President by a landslide vote
the same year.
OLGA KORBUT wins fame and two gold medals at the
Munich Olympics
MICHAEL JACKSON reaches No. 1 for the first time
with a song about his pet rat
HELEN GURLEY BROWN sees the first British edition of
Cosmopolitan
LOUIS LEAKEY dies
WILLY BRANDT'S socialist government is re-elected
LEONID BREZHNEV signs an arms reduction treaty with
the United States
BARBARA WARD publishes Only One Planet
@DAVID BEN GURION dies
W H AUDEN dies
WILLY BRANDT sees West Germany become a member
of the United Nations
LUIS BUNUEL wins an Oscar for The Discreet Charm of
The Bourgeoisie
PABLO PICASSO dies
ILYICH RAMIREZ SANCHEZ attempts to assassinate Lord
Sieff
STEPHEN HAWKING wins the Einstein Award
CHAD VARAH inspires the opening of the first
Samaritans helpline in America
WILLY BRANDT becomes the first West German leader
to visit Israel
BILLY GRAHAM holds his last big campaign in Korea
AHMED ZAKI YAMANI advises the Arab oil states to
raise the price of oil as a means of pressurising
western governments
RICHARD NIXON admits White House cover-up of
Watergate
@BRIGITTE BARDOT abandons her film career
ULRIKE MEINHOF is sentenced to 8 years' imprisonment
RICHARD NIXON resigns in disgrace
BENJAMIN SPOCK admits he might have been wrong
about child psychology
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN is expelled from the Soviet
Union, and collects his Nobel prize four years late
HAILE SELASSIE is deposed
MARGARET THATCHER is elected leader of the
Conservative Party
F SHERWOOD ROWLAND AND MARIO MOLINA publish
their research into the ozone layer
WILLY BRANDT resigns over his associations with the
East German spy Gunter Guillamme
@FRED ASTAIRE is nominated for an Oscar for his role in
The Towering Inferno
BENJAMIN SPOCK publishes Bringing Up Children In A
Difficult Time
STEVEN SPIELBERG directs Jaws
HAILE SELASSIE dies
ILYICH RAMIREZ SANCHEZ is linked with a rocket
attack on an El Al aircraft
BILL GATES founds Microsoft with Paul Allen
FRANCISCO FRANCO dies
AHMED ZAKI YAMANI is taken hostage by Ilyich
Ramirez Sanchez
JAMES GRAY dies
CHARLES CHAPLIN receives a knighthood
INDIRA GANDHI is found guilty of corrupt behaviour
during the elections
MARTINA NAVRATILOVA defects to the west
@BOB DYLAN releases Desire
BRIGITTE BARDOT establishes the Foundation for the
Protection of Distressed Animals
MAO ZE DONG dies
ULRIKE MEINHOF commits suicide in prison
ANITA RODDICK opens the first Body Shop
STEVEN JOBS AND STEPHAN WOZNIAK produce their
first computer
MILTON FRIEDMAN is awarded the Nobel Prize for
economics
BARBARA WARD publishes The Care and Maintenance of
a Small Planet
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN moves to America
NOAM CHOMSKY publishes Reflections on Language
@DENG XIAOPING regains favour with the Chinese
government after his dismissal one year earlier
CHARLES CHAPLIN dies
BENAZIR BHUTTO is arrested and jailed
HENRY MOORE establishes the Henry Moore Foundation
ELVIS PRESLEY dies
STEVEN JOBS AND STEPHAN WOZNIAK commission a
design for the Apple logo
CHRISTIAAN BARNARD experiments with chimpanzee
hearts for transplants
WERNHER VON BRAUN dies
INDIRA GANDHI faces defeat in India's general
elections
MARTIN LUTHER KING is posthumously awarded a medal
of Freedom
RUDOLF NUREYEV stars in the film Valentino
portraying the life of the dancer Valentino
@OPRAH WINFREY co-hosts a game show
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON'S work is exhibited at the
Haywood Gallery
MARTINA NAVRATILOVA wins her first Wimbledon
singles title
PATRICK STEPTOE'S work leads to the birth of the
first test-tube baby
AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI is exiled to France
MAO ZE DONG'S Little Red Book is publicly criticised in
China
NICHOLAS NEGROPONTE undertakes the Aspen project,
an early experiment in virtual reality
MITCHELL FEIGENBAUM investigates the physics of
crowd behaviour
@LEONID BREZHNEV orders Soviet troops to be airlifted
to Kabul to shore up the Moscow-sponsored regime
AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI takes power in Iran
MICHAEL JACKSON releases Off the Wall
MARGARET THATCHER becomes the first woman to hold
the post of British prime minister
ALEXANDER FLEMING dies
MUHAMMAD ALI announces his retirement
MOTHER TERESA is awarded the Nobel Prize for peace
GERMAINE GREER publishes The Obstacle Race
JAMES LOVELOCK publishes the Gaia hypothesis:
suggesting that our planet is a self-regulating
organism
@RICHARD DREW dies
THE BEATLES' John Lennon is shot dead outside his
apartment in New York
RONALD REAGAN is elected president of the United
States
JESSE OWENS dies
STEVEN SPIELBERG releases Raiders of the Lost Ark
AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI launches an invasion of Iraq
INDIRA GANDHI' S son, Sanjay, is killed in a plane
crash
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV becomes a full member of the
Soviet politburo
BILL GATES persuades IBM to use his software
ALFRED HITCHCOCK dies
KATHARINE HEPBURN wins an Oscar for her role in On
Golden Pond
JOSIP BROZ TITO dies
LECH WALESA negotiates an agreement to give Polish
workers the right to strike. Solidarity, the first free
trade union in communist Europe, is founded
JEAN PIAGET dies
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE dies
INDIRA GANDHI wins the general election
@RONALD REAGAN is wounded in an assassination
attempt
RUPERT MURDOCH buys The Times and The Sunday
Times of London
AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI begins a reign of terror in Iran
LECH WALESA is arrested and Solidarity is banned by
the Polish government
BARBARA WARD dies
@LEONID BREZHNEV dies
BILL BERNBACH dies of leukaemia
MICHAEL JACKSON releases Thriller
BETTY FRIEDAN publishes The Second Stage
MARGARET THATCHER orders the invasion of the
Falkland Islands after its occupation by Argentina
YASSER ARAFAT sees the invasion of Lebanon by Israel
and is forced out of Beirut
LECH WALESA is set free after nearly 12 months of
detention
STEVEN SPIELBERG'S film ET opens in Britain
BILLY GRAHAM is presented with the Templeton award
for progress in religion
HELMUT KOHL is elected as chancellor of West
Germany
@LUIS BUNUEL dies
MADONNA has her first hit with Holiday
LUC MONTAGNIER AND ROBERT GALLO publish the first
photographs of the AIDS virus
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS dies
MARGARET THATCHER is re-elected for a second term
as British prime minister
MARTIN LUTHER KING'S birthday becomes a national
holiday in some US states
@MADONNA has a huge hit with Like a Virgin
RAY KROC dies
ROSSER REEVES dies
RONALD REAGAN is elected for a second term as
president of the United States
ILYICH RAMIREZ SANCHEZ is a prime suspect in the
bombing of the French Cultural Centre in London
MICHAEL JORDAN joins the Chicago Bulls
MICHAEL JACKSON'S earnings reach $40 million a year
INDIRA GANDHI'S army attack Sikh separatists based
in the Golden Temple
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV visits Britain and meets Margaret
Thatcher
OPRAH WINFREY becomes host of AM Chicago
PAUL DIRAC redefines the structure of the atom
LUC MONTAGNIER AND ROBERT GALLO claim that
HTLV-3 is the cause of AIDS
MARGARET THATCHER narrowly escapes death in a
bomb attack on the party conference
STEVEN JOBS invents the Apple Mac, claiming that he
wanted it to be 'insanely great'
@MIKHAIL GORBACHEV becomes Soviet leader and
launches the new policies of glasnost and perestroika
LASZLO BIRO dies
NELSON MANDELA, still in prison, becomes an
international symbol of resistance
PABLO PICASSO is posthumously honoured by the
opening of the Musee Picasso in Paris
RUPERT MURDOCH buys 20% of Twentieth Century Fox
STEVEN JOBS resigns as chairman of Hewlett and
Packard
ROBERT WOODRUFF dies
F SHERWOOD ROWLAND AND MARIO MOLINA attempt to
deal with ozone depletion
THE ROLLING STONES Steel Wheels world tour enters
the Guinness Book of Records as the most lucrative
tour ever, earning $229 million @BENAZIR BHUTTO returns from exile in Britain to
Pakistan
JAMES BROWN re-emerges with the hit Living in
America
HENRY MOORE dies
RAYMOND LOEWY dies
ANDY WARHOL produces a series of self-portraits
OPRAH WINFREY'S chat show goes national
AHMED ZAKI YAMANI is dismissed as Saudi oil minister
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR dies
@WILLIAM DEMING is awarded The National Medal of
Technology
FRED ASTAIRE dies
MADONNA draws huge crowds during her Whose That
Girl? Tour
RONALD REAGAN signs an agreement with the Soviet
Union to reduce nuclear weapons
RUPERT MURDOCH buys Today newspaper
BENJAMIN SPOCK is arrested at the age of 71 for
opposing Trident
ANITA RODDICK'S Body Shop is named Most
Enterprising Company of the Year
MILTON FRIEDMAN witnesses the end of the boom years
on the stock exchange in America
MARGARET THATCHER wins her third general election
ANDY WARHOL dies
@BENAZIR BHUTTO wins the general election in Pakistan
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV announces a unilateral cut in
defence forces
LECH WALESA heads a new wave of strikes as workers
demand recognition of the union Solidarity
CHICO MENDES is murdered
PATRICK STEPTOE dies
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV agrees to the withdrawal of
Soviet troops from Afghanistan
RONALD REAGAN visits the 'evil empire', the Soviet
Union, for the first time
NELSON MANDELA, suffering from tuberculosis, is
transferred from prison to hospital
STEPHEN HAWKING'S Brief History of Time is published
@SALVADOR DALI dies
DENG XIAOPING orders the massacre of students
demonstrating for democracy on Tiananmen Square
NELSON MANDELA is promised release by F W de Klerk
ANITA RODDICK leads a demonstration in London
against the destruction of the Brazilian rainforests
HELMUT KOHL and the people of Germany dismantle the
Berlin Wall
AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI dies
STEVEN JOBS AND STEPHAN WOZNIAK are sued by the
Beatles for using the apple logo
HIROHITO dies
@GEORGES DE MESTRAL dies
NELSON MANDELA is released after 28 years of
imprisonment
OLGA KORBUT emigrates to the United States
BILL GATES launches Windows
LECH WALESA wins by a landslide in the Polish
elections
MARGARET THATCHER resigns as prime minister as her
own colleagues turn against her
MARTINA NAVRATILOVA wins her ninth Wimbledon
singles title
BENAZIR BHUTTO is dismissed as prime minister of
Pakistan
@MILES DAVIS dies
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV is nearly toppled in a coup
attempt by communist hardliners, precipitating the
collapse of the Soviet Union
PABLO ESCOBAR surrenders to the Brazilian
authorities
GERMAINE GREER publishes The Change
MARTHA GRAHAM dies
@WILLY BRANDT dies
MADONNA releases her album Erotica
NICHOLAS NEGROPONTE predicts the merging of all
electronic media
YASSER ARAFAT survives a plane crash
WALT DISNEY'S theme-park empire expands with the
opening of EuroDisney in Paris
@WILLIAM DEMING dies
BENAZIR BHUTTO is re-elected prime minister of
Pakistan
RUPERT MURDOCH buys 63% of Star Television in Hong
Kong
STEVEN SPIELBERG wins an Oscar for Schindler's List
MICHAEL JORDAN leads the Chicago Bulls to their third
successive National Basketball Association title.
Later in the year he announces his retirement
HELEN GURLEY BROWN publishes The Late Show
PABLO ESCOBAR is killed in a shoot-out with police
RUDOLF NUREYEV dies@NELSON MANDELA is elected president of South Africa
PELE is appointed special minister for sport in Brazil
RICHARD NIXON dies
AKITO MORITA sees Sony lose millions of dollars
ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN returns to Russia after 20
years in exile
ILYICH RAMIREZ SANCHEZ is extradited to France from
Khartoum
MICHAEL JACKSON marries Lisa-Marie Presley,
daughter of Elvis
THE ROLLING STONES become the first band ever to
give a concert on the Internet@MICHAEL JORDAN returns to the Chicago Bulls in front
of one seventh of the US population
BILL GATES launches Windows '95
F SHERWOOD ROWLAND AND MARIO MOLINA win a Nobel
Prize for chemistry
LECH WALESA is defeated in presidential elections by
a former communist
THE ROLLING STONES allow a recording of theirs to be
used in a comercial for Windows 95. Their Voodoo
Lounge tour becomes the biggest and highest earning
tour in rock history
RUPERT MURDOCH shuts down Today newspaper